Interpreting 1 Timothy 2:15

9 Likewise, I want women to adorn themselves with proper clothing, modestly and discreetly, not with braided hair and gold or pearls or costly garments; 10 but rather by means of good works, as befits women making a claim to godliness. 11 Let a woman quietly receive instruction with entire submissiveness. 12 But I do not allow a woman to teach or exercise authority over a man, but to remain quiet. 13 For it was Adam who was first created, and then Eve. 14 And it was not Adam who was deceived, but the woman being quite deceived, fell into transgression. 15 But women shall be preserved through the bearing of children if they continue in faith and love and sanctity with self restraint. --1 Timothy 2:9-15, New American Standard Bible.

Disclaimer: I originally wrote what follows based on the wording of an older edition of the NASB, which appears above. I probably picked that translation because of its literal approach. As you'll figure out from my comments, I certainly don't think it's a superior translation of this passage.

I know, everyone wants to know the meaning and proper application of especially 1 Timothy 2:11-12. Maybe someday I'll talk about those verses here at "Frankly Speaking." For now, I'm content to deal with another not-so-easy part of this passage: verse 15.

Because he has spoken of Eve's transgression in the previous verse, in verse 15 Paul names the specific way by which women can gain salvation: they can do it through the bearing of children. What does that phrase and the rest of the verse mean? Of course, there's a lot more to be said than I'm going to say here. Feel free in the comments to add what you'd like. For the sake of simplicity, I'm going to quickly sketch the three main interpretations and then ask you what you think.

1. Some interpreters say that Paul meant that Christian women, in giving birth to children, will be kept physically safe. Apparently, this is the view taken by the translators of the New American Standard Bible quoted above. The translation of the NT by James Moffatt clearly supports this view: women will get safely through childbirth. The problem here is that not all Christian mothers have been preserved in giving birth. Tragically, many thousands have lost their lives. A second point against this interpretation is that Paul consistently uses the word translated preserved in the NASB to speak not of mere physical safety but of personal salvation (see, for example, 1 Timothy 1:15 and Titus 3:5). Because of this, most other translations use the word saved instead of preserved. I agree. I think saved is the more-accurate word here.

2. A different view suggests that verse 15 is pointing back to the birth of Christ. According to this interpretation, Paul is saying that when Mary gave birth to the Messiah, the transgression which was introduced by Eve began to be reversed. Salvation entered the world in the person of Jesus. The wording in the margin of the Revised Standard Version reflects this view: woman will be saved by the birth of the child. But this view also has its problems. For one thing, the verse never specifically mentions Mary or Jesus. And, as many of the commentaries point out, if Paul had wanted to make such a statement, he would likely have been much more specific and would have chosen different words.

3. A third view, and one that I think has the most going for it, takes the word translated preserved or saved as a reference to final, personal salvation. It's no promise or guarantee of physical safety in childbirth. Instead, this view understands childbearing as a reference to what might be called "raising kids." That is to say, the phrase refers to all of a woman's duty, especially to her children. The rendering of the Twentieth Century New Testament expresses it well: women will find their salvation in motherhood. The salvation of women, says Paul, comes as a result of fulfilling their God-given role in bearing, nurturing, and teaching children, a major part of what Titus 2:5 speaks of as being workers at home. Of course, simply doing her duty will never save a woman. No Christian lady is going to be finally redeemed simply because she was a good mother. According to this interpretation, that's exactly why at the end of the verse Paul insists that women must continue in things like faith, love, holiness, and good judgment.

So what is this verse talking about? What do you think?

Four Easy Steps to Becoming a Bad Teacher

On March 13, 1809, Alexander Campbell—that great religious reformer of the nineteenth century—wrote in his diary,

A man may enter a garden for three purposes: First, to learn the art of gardening; second, for pleasure; third, to gather fruit. So may a man read the Bible for three things: First, to learn to read it or dispute about it; second, to read the historical parts for pleasure; third, to gather fruit; this last is the true way.

Campbell realized that anytime a person reads the Bible, he starts out with certain intentions. Some people, he says, are most likely to read the Bible when they’re trying to prove a point or win an argument. Other people might read stories from the Bible, but only because they like fine literature. There is a third alternative. Campbell calls it “the true way,” the way of gathering fruit. The image of gathering fruit suggests a kind of Bible study where the student takes away something that is truly from God, naturally good, something healthy that can be shared with others. How different that is from what Paul speaks against in 1 Timothy 1:3-11:

As I urged you when I went into Macedonia, stay there in Ephesus so that you may command certain men not to teach false doctrines any longer 4 nor to devote themselves to myths and endless genealogies. These promote controversies rather than God's work—which is by faith. 5 The goal of this command is love, which comes from a pure heart and a good conscience and a sincere faith. 6 Some have wandered away from these and turned to meaningless talk. 7 They want to be teachers of the law, but they do not know what they are talking about or what they so confidently affirm. 8 We know that the law is good if one uses it properly. 9 We also know that law is made not for the righteous but for lawbreakers and rebels, the ungodly and sinful, the unholy and irreligious; for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers, 10 for adulterers and perverts, for slave traders and liars and perjurers—and for whatever else is contrary to the sound doctrine 11 that conforms to the glorious gospel of the blessed God, which he entrusted to me. (New International Version)

Paul begins by urging Timothy to deal with “certain men,” teachers in the church who clearly don’t follow the true way. They teach “false doctrines” and must be stopped. As he continues, Paul identifies where these misguided people had gone wrong. Consider his description as four easy steps to becoming a bad teacher:

1. Go beyond the clear teaching of the Word.

According to verse 4, the misguided teachers were devoted to “myths and endless genealogies.” In the New Testament “myth” refers to an untrue story, a fiction quite different from the factual truth of the gospel. As the Apostle Peter wrote, “We did not follow cleverly invented stories when we told you about the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were eyewitnesses of his majesty” (2 Peter 1:16). It is likely that in the context of 1 Timothy 1, the myths began with the genealogies of the Old Testament. But from there they were turned into fanciful stories, nothing more than mere speculation. Moses told the ancient Israelites, “Do not add to what I command you” (Deuteronomy 4:2). Bad teachers disregard that principle.

2. Be satisfied with little more than a lively discussion.

Many of today’s political talk shows are nothing more than shouting matches that resolve nothing. That sort of program would have appealed to the “teachers” Paul speaks against in 1 Timothy 1. They promoted “controversies” and reveled in “meaningless talk.” While it’s true that dialogue can lead to real learning, it is not enough for a Bible teacher to ask a provocative question and set off a discussion. That’s because not every discussion promotes “God’s work” (verse 4). Bad teachers ignore that distinction.

3. Focus on yourself.

In verse 7, Paul implies that Timothy’s opponents were driven by the wrong motive. They wanted to be recognized as “teachers of the law.” Because of their selfishness, they failed to lift up Christ. Healthy teaching springs from a simple desire to tell others about the grace and demands of God. So often, the root of false teaching is an evil heart. Jesus said, “Watch out for false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ferocious wolves” (Matthew 7:15). Bad teachers rarely doubt their sincerity. It never occurs to them that they might be the wolves.

4. Don’t study.

In verse 7, Paul levels a sharp accusation against the would-be teachers: they “do not understand what they are talking about or what they so confidently affirm.” Every generation has its “teachers” who disregard the discipline of study and pass off their unsupported opinions as the truth. Without bothering to master even the basics of a subject, they attempt to instruct others. When this problem enters the church it always detracts from the gospel and results in spiritual decay. William Barclay wrote, “It may well be that the Christian cause has suffered more from ignorant dogmatism than anything else.” A teacher must first spend the time and effort to learn and to clarify his own thinking. Bad teachers can’t be bothered with that.

Turning from the negative to the positive, notice two simple characteristics of healthy, sound teaching identified in 1 Timothy 1:

1. Its goal is to further God’s plan.

This means that the true goal of Bible study is to identify the will of God for our lives. Sound teaching is teaching that reveals the central messages of Scripture and that encourages hearers to obey the Lord. Those who want to teach the Bible must convey the whole counsel of God and in everything give the first place to Jesus Christ (Acts 20:28; Colossians 1:18).

2. It results in love.

Sound teaching promotes “love, which comes from a pure heart and a good conscience and a sincere faith” (verse 5). Wherever the Good News about Jesus is taught and received, it changes lives from the inside out, producing love for God and love for other people.

• Jesus himself said that of all the commandments the greatest are these: “Hear, O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is one. Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all your strength. The second is this: Love your neighbor as yourself” (Mark 12:29-31).
• He taught that his disciples would be known by their love for one another (John 13:34-35).
• To the Ephesians Paul wrote, "live a life of love, just as Christ loved us, and gave himself up for us" (5:2).
• In Colossians 3:14, he said that love is the great virtue “which binds them all together in perfect unity.”

Christians must avoid the mistakes of the misleading teachers. The best way to do that is to promote healthy teaching. As we do that, God will by his word in our hearts cause us to grow in love, to reflect both his truth and his goodness.