Frankly Speaking

The following article appeared in a Borger, Texas newspaper, August 4, 1964. I copied it from a transcript found in Planning the Route: Harm...

The expression Five Civilized Tribes emerged during the mid-nineteenth century. It referred to the Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and...

On Highway 77 in Davis, Oklahoma Back on June 2nd, Michele and I were traveling through Oklahoma on our way to Nashville, site of the an...

Passages like the Great Commission in Matthew and the Macedonian Call in Acts have long compelled members of the Churches of Christ to condu...

The treaty status of the Five Civilized Tribes and a few other tribal groups exempted them from the requirements of the Dawes Severalty Act ...

The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 opened a tragic new chapter in the history of Native America. This federal legislation sought to end triba...

At the insistence of the federal government, the treaty of 1866 provided for railroads through Indian Territory, one running north and south...

In the decade following the Civil War, Chickasaw students capable of high-school level work were sent to academies outside their homeland. T...

Chickasaw leaders of the post-Civil War period emphasized the importance of schooling. For example, by 1870, all parents of Chickasaw studen...

At the outbreak of war in the spring of 1861, the federal government abandoned Indian Territory. The fate of Fort Washita just north of the ...

1856 marked a major turning point in Chickasaw history. In that year a new treaty took effect and finally gave the tribe political separatio...

The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. The legislation authorized the U.S. president to pro...